Hi Tobias,
Please find the answers outlined below.
1. Does the remote update manager also use the AdobeUpdater.Overrides? If not, how can I use our internal AUSST Web Server for the remote updates?
Ans: Setup RUM with AUSST : Creative Cloud Help | Using Adobe Remote Update Manager
2. Which option in the Creative Cloud Packager creates the folder \ProgramData\Adobe\AAMUpdater\1.0\ ?
Ans : Creative cloud packager doesn't create this folder. this is being created while deploying the update payloads.
3. Where does the Adobe Update Manager save the .overrides-file I chose in the Adobe Update Manager? Does this file also apply for the Remote Update Manager?
Ans: Override.xml is being generated manually using Adobe update server setup tool. In case you install the package without setting up an update sever under package configuration, it generates AdobeUpdaterAdminPrefs.dat.
4. Is there any way to change the extended configuration parameters for a package after the installation
Ans : Package configuration can't be changed once created once created.
Hope this helps.
Let me know in case you would need any further clarification.
Thanks,
Ashish